Ring of Andvari

Another interesting ring can be found in Eddas. “…Odin sent Loki into the Land of the Black Elves, and he came to the dwarf who is called Andvari, who was as a fish in the water. Loki caught him in his hands and required of him in ransom of his life all the gold that he had in his rock; and when they came within the rock, the dwarf brought forth all the gold he had, and it was very much wealth. Then the dwarf quickly swept under his hand one little gold ring, but Loki saw it and commanded him to give over the ring. The dwarf prayed him not to take the ring from him, saying that from this ring he could multiply wealth for himself if he might keep it. Loki answered that be should not have one penny left, and took the ring from him and went out; but the dwarf declared that that ring should be the ruin of every one who should come into possession of it.” Before it was cursed the ring could multiply the wealth of its bearer. I assume that wealth can be the major characteristic of the dwarf. Than what this ring does is characteristic multiplication. If this assumption is wrong, it doesn’t really matter – replication of the dwarfs characteristic is just an example. There’re many ways to reproduce this multiplication, the simplest is through the rings shape. Any ring multiplies its functions through its shape, just because it runs energy for many cycles. But this can be improved. Simplest improvement is making ring of several loops. But much more effective is to create loops in different directions. This is what “Celtic design” does. The only condition for such a “Celtic ring” is everyone of its loops must go all the way around the finger.

Another example of multiloop design is a “Greek key pattern”